Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Horngren Cost Accounting 14e Solution Test Bank Essay

Buy Full 23 chapters Horngren Cost Accounting 14e Solution Manual + Test Bank at https://sellfy.com/p/vB9y Cost Accounting, 14e (Horngren/Datar/Rajan) Chapter 12 Pricing Decisions and Cost Management Objective 12.1 1) Companies should only produce and sell units as long as: A) there is customer demand for the product B) the competition allows it C) the revenue from an additional unit exceeds the cost of producing it D) there is a generous supply of low-cost direct materials Answer: C Diff: 2 Terms: target price Objective: 1 AACSB: Ethical reasoning 2) Too high a price may: A) deter a customer from purchasing a product B) increase demand for the product C) indicate supply is too plentiful D)†¦show more content†¦labor (hours) 1,000 500 300 200 Disbursement of Payments Direct materials Wood (1,000; 500; 300 Ãâ€" $30) $30,000 $15,000 $9,000 Fiberglass (1,200; 600; 360 Ãâ€" $5) 6,000 3,000 1,800 Direct manuf. labor (500; 300; 200 Ãâ€" $25) 12,500 7,500 5,000 Interest payment (6% Ãâ€" $30,000 à ·12) 150 150 150 Variable Overhead Calculation Variable overhead rate $ 7 $ 7 $ 7 Overhead driver (direct manuf. labor-hours) 500 300 200 Variable overhead expense $ 3,500 $ 2,100 $1,400 6-32 Cash Budget for the months of July, August, September 2012 July August September Beginning cash balance $10,000 $ 5,650 $40,100 Add receipts: Collection of receivables 55,800 70,200 54,900 Total cash available $65,800 $75,850 $95,000 Deduct disbursements: Material purchases $36,000 $18,000 $10,800 Direct manufacturing labor 12,500 7,500 5,000 Variable costs 3,500 2,100 1,400 Fixed costs 8,000 8,000 8,000 Interest payments 150 150 150 Total disbursements 60,150 35,750 25,350 Ending cash balance $ 5,650 $40,100 $69,650 2. Yes. Slopes has a budgeted cash balance of $69,650 on 10/1/2012 and so it will be in a position to pay off the $30,000 1-year note on October 1, 2012. 3. No. Slopes does not maintain a $10,000 minimum cash balance in July. To maintain a $10,000 cash balance in each of theShow MoreRelatedSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 Pagesneed any solution manual, testbank for testbooks from the list, do contact us anytime, we provide competitive prices and fast delivery after payment done. Contact us: smtbportal@gmail.com smtbportal(at)gmail(dot)com 2010 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Solution Manual 2010 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Test Bank 2010 Federal Taxation with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Solution Manual

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Cold Blood by Truman Capote - 900 Words

In 1965, Truman Capote created the infamous tale known as â€Å"In Cold Blood†. The book created the illusion of fantasy while based on reality. Many people were floored at the brilliance Capote demonstrated within the pages. The book took the literary concept of a novel with the literary elements of designed scenes, characters, a story formed with an introduction, rising action, climax and resolution to the real events surrounding the murder of the Clutter family. Those that worked in the field of news and journalism were shown in Capote’s tale with the right use of creative writing, anyone can learn to captivate an audience while reporting the news. Capote believed he had written more than an important book. It was a completely new form of†¦show more content†¦Post continues in his interview with Plimpton saying: â€Å"I didnt minimize the horrible things that hed done or anything like that, but I said his dad wasnt the sex fiend that Capote tried to make hi m out ... like trying to rape the Clutter girl before he killed her ... it didnt happen. And other things ... lies, just to make it a better story. Alvin Dewey, who Capote made into main law enforcement character, later said the final scene of the book, in which he visits the graves of the Clutter family and talks with Nancy Clutters friend Susan Kidwell, did not happen. Although Capote never addressed the reason as to why he wrote the ending based on some made-up notion. Capote’s fabrication of the telling of the Clutter murders not only negatively affected the western Kansas town, but it also negatively effects the readers of the book as well. Due to the suspicious nature of â€Å"In Cold Blood†, readers trust of all journalists is lessen and is almost extinguished the impact of individual works. Regardless of the negative publicity the book had amassed over time, Capotes masterpiece had been proven to create a new genre of writing that is described as a mix between creative writing and journalism. Many people had attributed this literary creation to Capote being the only one that created this style alone. Yet in the introduction of Literary Journalism, which is a collection ofShow MoreRelatedCold Blood By Truman Capote1354 Words   |  6 Pageschildhood and later adult life Dick and Perry are exposed to experiences which contribute to their lawlessness in the book In Cold Blood by Truman Capote. Recurring trends throughout each man’s lives such as their involvements in traumatic car accidents and higher education contribute to their unstable mental being, which eventually leads to the murders of the Clutter family. In Cold Blood argues that Dick and Perry’s backgrounds make their criminality inevitable. Both Perry and Dick committed crimes thatRead MoreCold Blood By Truman Capote1332 Words   |  6 Pages In Cold Blood by Truman Capote suggests criminals deserve careful analysis, an unpopular opinion; he refers to the lives of two characters, dreams shattered, suffering from the same fate. Through the investigation of a detective bureau and the author s interpretation, the perpetrators symbolize a bigger picture. Although the details of the crime convey Perry as a cold-blooded murderer, Capote illustrates Perry as a victim of his childhood by emphasizing his insecurities and fears. Capote highlightsRead MoreCold Blood By Truman Capote1322 Words   |  6 Pages In Cold Blood by Truman Capote would be a good, diverse addition to the ENG 3U course for many reasons, beginning with how the novel is non-fiction, but still manages to create a story line, while remaining appealing for the reason that it differs from most novels on course syllabus to the way the author can make you feel for the characters. In Cold Blood is a novel written about a real life event that happened in Holcomb, Kansas, 1959. A family of four is murdered in their house in cold bloodRead MoreCold Blood, By Truman Capote1942 Words   |  8 Pagesnon-fiction novel, In Cold Blood, Truman Capote follows the tail of the Clutter family murder in Holcomb Kansas. Four members of the Clutter family are brutally murdered by two ex-cons and the story follows the hunt for the murderers, their capture, and eventually some country justice. The murder took place on the night of November 15, 1959. The investigators had no motive for the crime and the only clues that they had were two pairs of boot prints left by the killers. Capote took all of his notesRead MoreThe Cold Blood By Truman Capote967 Words   |  4 PagesIn Cold Blood Do you think that every crime has to be breathtaking to attract readers` attention? Not at all. â€Å"In Cold Blood† is a non-fiction novel of 1967 by Truman Capote, where a life story of the Clutter family is told. Exactly this story of crime can make you a philosopher – while reading, you will definitely think over the tragedy and the meaning of life. The Clutters met a lot of difficulties on their way to find happiness, but were murdered because of no reason. The police was baffled, asRead MoreCold Blood By Truman Capote986 Words   |  4 Pages In In Cold Blood by Truman Capote, the device of juxtaposition is used to contrast the differing mental states of Dick and Perry, which is emphasized by the syntax, diction, and tone throughout the two passages. Capote uses opposing accounts of the same situation to add a deeper characterization of the two men, and to emphasize their differences psychologically. Throughout the book Capote attempts to show the true complexity of the killers, and how their backgrounds and psyches affected their actionsRead MoreAnalysis of In Cold Blood by Truman Capote861 Words   |  4 Pages A4 AP English 11 29 August 2013 In Cold Blood In the literary world, the concept of using a silent narrator is complex. The novel In Cold Blood was the first nonfiction novel published in an era of journalism. Capote gained many fans and critics. Truman Capote, in his nonfiction novel In Cold Blood effectively uses a silent narrator to influence the reader’s opinions of characters based off of actions and words, but as the novel continues Capote begins to reveal his true opinions and thoughtsRead MoreCold Blood Is A Book By Truman Capote956 Words   |  4 PagesIn Cold Blood is a book written by Truman Capote. It’s a non-fictional book written in the style of a creative fictional book. The story follows two criminals, Dick and Perry, after they’ve murdered four members of the Clutter family. The already experienced murderers make sure to leave no evidence, clues, or traces to them in the crime scene. As investigators attempt to figure out the mystery of the Clutter family murders, Dick and Perry make their way to Mexico until they get found out and getRead MoreTruman Capote s The Cold Blood1705 Words   |  7 Pages Truman Capote’s â€Å"In Cold Blood† is widely considered today as the first â€Å"non-fiction novel.† Published in 1966 and the fruit of over 6 years of research, the novel is an account of the gruesome murder of the Clutter family by two fellow ex-convicts Perry Smith and Dick Hickock. The four members of the Clutter household, Kenyon, Nancy, Bonnie, and Herbert Clutter were all taken to a different location in the house and promptly executed, each by a brutal shot to the head with a 12-gauge shotgunRead MoreTruman Capote s The Cold Blood Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesTruman Capote’s novel â€Å"In cold blood† was identified as a new form of non-fiction genre in which an objective approach was taken by the author, as his opinions and judgements were absent from the text, leaving only the truth for the reader to interpret. Capote’s narrative method allows the murders to be explained and rationalised within a framework of middle-cla ss ideology and psychological analysis (Hollowell, 1997). Kazin (reference) conveys that the novel â€Å"In cold blood† creates a strong connection

Monday, December 9, 2019

Environmental Theories in International Relations free essay sample

Environmental theory, this approach refers to the research area in which scholars of political theory use their conceptual tools in an effort to better understand the relationship between human individuals or communities and their natural environment, to identify the values and ideas that have shaped and continue to structure the way that humans interact with the natural world or to articulate vision of how politics might define and help realize an ecologically sustainable world . This approach attempts to explain how human beings, individually or collectively behave in relation to nature or to other human beings can most usefully be anchored in the study of the evolution of the ecosystem society interface. Using human populations and their biological and ecological circumstances as a starting point, a theoretical framework can be developed that grounds international relations theory in environmental realities. Environmental theory is neither a method nor a well defined political agenda. Scholars in the field utilize a wide variety of existing methodologies and in the pursuit of various goals. Like an ecosystem, its strength lies in diversity and there has not yet emerged as dominant approach to this young research programme. Binding together the various scholarship in environmental theory is a belief that environmental problems are at least in part a product of the social and political ideas of modern western societies. (Steve Vanderheiden, University of Colorado,U. S. A) The role of environing factors include the physical milieu (geography) and the social milieu (culture),as conditioners of political behaviour, has attracted major theoretical interest for many generations. Especially until the end of the World War II, the study of international relations drew heavily on geography as an explanation for state behaviour. States were said to be advantaged, or handicapped by geographic location and circumstances. With the dawn of the nuclear age and the development of postindustrial industrial societies, environing factors notable the role of geography diminished in salience. Nuclear weapons capable of intercontinental range greatly diminished whatever security had been derived from geographic location. By the same token, postindustrial societies depend more on access to information-based technologies and intellectual capabilities than on physical control of territory containing natural resources such as coal and iron, nevertheless became the worlds second largest economy based on cutting-edge technologies. Despite its remoteness from Europe, Asia, the United States and European-Asian states became equally vulnerable to a nuclear strike delivered by intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) capable of reaching their targets within minutes. Furthermore, according to the view of Aristotle, he stated that people and the environment are inseparable and that they are affected both by geographical circumstances and by political institutions. Location near the sea stimulated the commercial activity on which the city-state was based; temperate climate favourable affected the development of national character, human energy and intellect. Jean Bodin in the late sixteenth century also maintained that climatic circumstances influence national characteristics as well as the foreign policies of state. According to Bodin, the extremes of northern and temperate climates offer conditions most favourable to building a political system based on law and justice. Northern and mountainous regions were said to be conducive to greater political discipline than were southern climes which failed to spark initiative. Montesquieu, one of the great eighteenth century French philosophers pointed to various climatic factors that he felt influenced the political divisions of Western Europe, in contrast to the great plains of Asia and Eastern Europe, and contributed to a spirit of political independence. He claimed the islands could preserve their freedom more easily than continental countries because they are isolated from foreign influences. He stated this considering Britain which had evolved unique political institutions that he greatly admired and which had withstood invasion from continental Europe since 1066. There are four major theories to be considered here which are: (1)Utopian theory (2)Realist theory (3)Neoliberal and neorealist-structural-realist theory (4)Cognitive evolution and constructivist-reflectivist approaches Utopian and realist theory as well as their more contemporary intellectual counterparts discuss the human actor in relation to the environment. Nonetheless, they broaden the notion of the environment to include the products of human culture, as well as the physical features of the earth. Utopian theorists claimed that international behaviour could be changed by transforming the institutional setting. Schemes for international organization and world government as well as for establishing norms for international conduct were designed to alter human behaviour by changing the international political environment. In contrast, realists in international relations often held that the geographical location of states will condition if not determine political behaviour. Among the most influential realist theorists who also wrote extensively on the impact of geography on international politics were Nicholas J. Spykman and Robert Strausz-Hupe. If the political behaviour of national units is in large part the product of environmental circumstances including geography in which nations find themselves, the perennial task of the political leader is to work within the parameters established by the environment. Cognitive evolution and constructivist-reflectivist approaches The principal focus of what are termed constructivist-reflectivist approaches is the assumption that our understanding of the world as well as the intellectual tools used for viewing that world ,are not objectively derived but instead are the result of socially constructed concepts. In a way, the proponents of this approach suggest that â€Å"the world is in the eye of the beholder† and then proceed to ask where those interpretations of the world come from and how the influence the behavior of individual and state actors. The synthesis between the environment and international relations is useful in assessing both the consequences of globalization and the causes of emerging and resurging diseases. Human populations have been and are continually evolving as they face the changing constraints provided by nature and neighbouring populations. The continued ecological security of any human population depends upon maintaining an evolutionary equilibrium in four relationships: (1) Between the size and demands of human population and the sustaining physical environment. 2) Between the size and growth pattern of neighbouring human populations. (3) Between the territorial demands of human populations and other large species. (4) Between human populations and various kinds of pathogenic micro-organisms. Throughout most of history, Homo sapiens lived in culturally diverse and relatively isolated hunting and gathering populations. These populations co-evolved with a host of local micro-organisms in shared ecosyste ms since the industrial revolution. However, innovations in transportation and weaponry have been forging a world in which human populations have been brought into a much closer contact. While the increased integration of this previously diverse population has had a myriad of both positive and negative consequences for human beings, it has also upset delicate equilibrium between homo sapiens and pathogenic microorganisms to which they have developed little or no immunity. Movement of the pathogenic microorganisms among human populations through exploration, trade, conquest has played a major role in shaping history. William Mcneill refers to this kind of pathogen mixing as the confluence of disease pools. Such mixing was a particularly important factor in nearly wiping out numerous indigenous populations during the age of imperialism when Europeans first made contact with these people. Europeans, bringing with them smallpox and numerous other diseases, easily conquered biologically naive new world populations almost without a shot being fired. Many other historical studies have stressed the impact of disease and related ecological factors in the course of international relations. Innovations in transportation are the most obvious factors in accelerating the movement of people and thus increasing the scope and rapidity of human contacts. Only four decades ago, transoceanic travel was relatively rare and most voyages were made on slow moving steamships. Today the increased use of rapid air transportation puts nearly all urbanized parts of the planet within one days journey for a majority of the people in the world. The increasing scale of food production, distribution and the resulting associated disease risks are another aspect of globalization. The appearance of Mad low disease among British cattle herds has had major impact on international trade in beef and on the British balance of payment. In 1996, a serious bout of food poisoning in Japan sickened more than 10,000 people and killed several others. In 1997, in the United States, imported berries from Central America were responsible for widespread intestinal disorders. Thus the dark side of technology is the creation of the potential for large scale epidemics that may require additional technological innovations to solve. The more rapid movements of large numbers of people whether by aircraft or subway, increases the speed with which diseases can move from one person to another. Population growth and movement into formerly pristine tropical rainforests continue to liberate microorganisms with which Homo sapiens have little experience. Urbanization and development of megacities create potentially explosive situations for the spread of diseases. Even the increased use of anti-biotic to fight diseases threatens to create resistant bacterial strains. In conclusion, from an environmental perspective on international relations, interactions with microorganisms is simultaneously a causal factor in influencing state success and behaviour and a continuing policy of concern of extreme importance. (Professor Dennis Pirages, University of Maryland,1997). GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS OF NATIONAL POWER With the advent of industrial-age communication-transportation technologies, increased attention was given to geography, focusing on population-resource distribution, the strategic location of states and the forward projection of national power. Because geopolitics has as its focal point national power and the control of territory, it followed that those political entities must be able to project their capabilities over greater distances would constitute the dominant industrial-age powers. According to numerous writers including for example Kenneth Boulding and subsequently Patrick O’Sullivan-there is an inverse relationship between power and distance from its core area. In O’Sullivan’s words, most of the conflicts (since the mid 1950s) have arisen in the crush zone between the great powers. The force fields of the hegemonies may be thought of as extending out of their cores, overwhelming smaller nations with their power, surrounding the spheres of influence of lesser powers and lapping against each other at the edges. To be sure the impact of technology has been of such importance as explained so far, the political significance of geography has been altered, although not eliminated. To the extent that weapons of mass destruction can be launched from any point on earth, from under the oceans, or from outer space, to strike a target with the periphery has lost most of its previous significance. However, the capabilities available to political entities are numerous, with some easily moveable than others. In an era before the airplane and the missile, when the military capabilities were most easily moved by sea, the political unit most able to master sea power became the dominant state. At an abstract level, the relationship between geography and power. Geopolitics refers to the ability at any time of one state or another to move power in order to influence or control desired territory deemed to be of strategic importance. Furthermore we will be considering the views of some scholars on the environmental theories which are discussed below: MAHAN’s view Alfred Thayer Mahan wrote during the period of the last great wave of European imperial expansion and the rise of the United States to the status of a world power. His ideas greatly influenced Theodore Roosevelt who first as Assistant Secretary of the navy and later as President, contributed decisively to the rise of the United States as a leading naval power. Mahan’s analysis of maritime history, particularly the growth of British global influence, led him to conclude that the control of the seas and especially strategically important narrow waterways, was crucial to great power status. Mahan based his theory on the observation that the rise of the British Empire and the development of Britain as a naval power had occurred simultaneously. The world’s principal sea routes had become the empire’s internal communication links. Except for the Panama Canal, Britain controlled all of the world’s major waterways and narrow seas or choke points. MACKINDER’s view Like Mahan, Sir Halford Mackinder saw an intimate relationship between geography and technology. If the technology of the earlier era had enhanced the mobility of sea power over land power, the technology of the early twentieth century gave to land power the dominant position. The railroad and subsequently the internal combustion engine and the construction of modern highway and road network, made possible rapid transportation within much of the land mass of Eurasia. Until then, the inner regions of Eurasia had been landlocked. Mackinder noted that Eurasia’s river systems drain into none of the major seas of the world. View of the SPROUTS Harold Sprout (1901-1980) and Margaret Sprout (1903) made a major contribution to the development of hypotheses for examining environing relationships. The Sprouts emphasized the importance of geography in examining political behavior, contending that most, if not all, human activity is affected by the uneven distribution of human and non human resources. The sprouts rejected undimensional, geographical theories in favour of an ecological perspective because it appeared to provide a more integrated holistic view of international environment which took account of it physical and non physical features. The environment (milieu) was viewed as a multidimensional system in which the perception held by political leaders of environmental conditions (the psycho milieu) as well as the conditions themselves were the objects of study and analysis. It will be incomplete to study the environmental approaches without taking note of the crisis which are accrued to it and these are explained below: (1)Global warming: This is acknowledged by most but not all scientists as the most serious environmental problem facing the planet, the minority who challenge the consensus do not question the evidence of global warming but question its causes arguing that warming is not primarily caused by human activity. However majority of scientists do believe that humans are largely responsible for global warming. The earth’s temperature is maintained by the green house effect, a layer of gases in the atmosphere traps a small percentage of the sun’s radiation but the burning of fossil fuels increases the greenhouse effect. (2)Resource depletion: some resources such as fish are with careful stewardship, naturally replenished; other resources are threatened by excessive demand and so overproduction (this raises the question of the tragedy of the commons. (3) Localized pollution: This may not cause a global crisis but poor air in places such as Mexico City can have a debilitating effect on inhabitants. 4)Decline in species: Although the effects of species loss or decline in biodiversity are unclear, many ecologists would argue that the loss of species is bad in itself regardless of its wider impact. The use of agricultural chemicals and the genetic modification of crops are identified by some environmentalist as the cause of decline in biodiversity. (5) Nuclear war: This will not of course be a direct environmental problem unless nuclear weapons are actually used(although nuclear weapons testing has had environmental consequences). In the 1980s,when consciousness of the threat of nuclear war was much higher than it is today, scientists speculated that the atmospheric pollution caused by dust, soot, smoke and ash would prevent the sun’s rays from penetrating for a period of time long enough to eradicate most plant life and create a new ice age. POLICY DEBATE This is a major point that should be duly considered in dealing with the environmental theory and this is : who is primarily responsible for the international environmental problems we now face, the developing countries or the developed countries? Developed countries are responsible due to the following reasons: (1)Developed countries have insatiable appetites for natural resources beyond what is needed for an adequate standard of living. (2)Emissions from industrial plants and automobile plants disproportionally represented in developed countries are responsible for depletion of the ozone layer, the greenhouse effect and resulting global warming and climate change. Agribusiness in the developed states, because of its use of fertilizers and chemicals is responsible for the pollution of natural waters and land-based wastes. 3)Chemical companies located in industrialized states produce highly toxic wastes for which there are no safe means of disposal. (4)Excessive demands in the developed world for energy and forestry-based resources put unsustainable pressure on the natural environment. Developing countries are also responsible due to the following reasons:

Monday, December 2, 2019

The Use Of The Supernatural In Macbeth free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper In the drama Macbeth by William Shakespeare, there were many interesting utilizations of the supernatural. The usage of the occult in the enchantresss, the visions, the shade, and the phantoms is a cardinal component in doing the drama interesting. The supernatural is decidedly a major factor in the drama s manner. The usage of the supernatural occurs at the beginning of the drama, with the three enchantresss foretelling the destiny of Macbeth. This gives the reader a hint to what the hereafter holds for Macbeth. The enchantresss say that every conflict is lost by one side and won by another. Macbeth s destiny is that he will win the conflict, but will lose his clip of triumph for the conflict of his psyche. After the prognostications of the enchantresss revealed the destiny of Macbeth, the program in which to derive power of the throne is brought up. The lone manner to derive power of the throne was for Macbeth to work his manner to the throne, or to slay King Duncan. We will write a custom essay sample on The Use Of The Supernatural In Macbeth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Murdering the male monarch was an easier program since the motive in his dreams urged him on. Lady Macbeth besides relied on the supernatural by her monologue of naming upon the evil liquors to give her the power to plot the slaying of Duncan without experiencing guilty. The three sisters are capable of taking people into danger ensuing in decease, such as the crewman who neer slept. Lady Macbeth has convinced her hubby Macbeth to slay King Duncan. On the dark they planned to kill Duncan, Macbeth is waiting for Lady Macbeth to pealing the signal bell to travel up the stepss to Duncan s chamber. He sees the vision of the natation sticker. The involvement of the sticker is that it leads Macbeth towards the chamber by the presence of immorality of the sticker get down covered with blood. Then the bell rings and Macbeth goes up the stairway to Duncan s chamber. Once the slaying has been committed, finally Banquo has his intuitions about Macbeth killing Duncan to hold power of the throne. There is invariably more guilt and fear inside Macbeth and his married woman that they decide to hold Banquo killed. Macbeth and his married woman attend a feast in which a shade appears. Once the liquidator notified Macbeth that the title has done, he saw the shade of Banquo sitting in his regular place. This caused Macbeth to move wildly, doing people leery of his actions. The usage of the supernatural has increased the suspense now that Macbeth is invariably trusting on the prognostications of the three enchantresss. Hecate, the Queen of enchantresss is angry with the three sisters for non affecting her with Macbeth. The enchantresss plan to take Macbeth to his ruin by doing him experience over-confident. Macbeth goes to the enchantresss cave and demands to cognize what lies in front for him. The three enchantresss predict what he is traveling to inquire and bring forth the first phantom, which is an armed caput. The first phantom Tells Macbeth to mind of Macduff. Then the 2nd phantom appears and tells Macbeth that no adult male born from a adult female can harm him. Finally, the last phantom appears and is a kid crowned, with a tree in his manus. The phantom is stating that he will neer be defeated until Great Birnamwood shall come against him to High Dunsinane Hill. These phantoms convinced Macbeth that this was his destiny and became over confident, and lead him to his decease. The usage of the supernatural in is what makes the drama what it is. Without the enchantresss, the shade, the visions, and the phantoms, Macbeth would hold been a dull and deadening drama. The usage of the supernatural enhanced the drama really dramatically, doing it fun to read for all readers.